Oil burner for furnaces



July 15 1924. 1,501,838

5. cooK OIL BURNER FOR FURNACES Filed July 12 1920 2 Sheet-Sheet- 1 F'|G- 1: V

ATTOB rs 7 July 15 1924} 1,501,838 s. COOK OIL BURNERFOR FURNACES 7 Filed July 12. 1920 zsheezs-sneet 2 FIG, 3:-

-FIG 5 Patented July 15, 1924.

UNITED STATES SAMUEL COOK, OE STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT.

OIL BURNER FOE FURNACES.

Application filed July 12, 1920.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL COOK, of Stamford, in the county of Fairfleld and State of Connecticut, have invented a cer tain new and useful Improvement in Oil Burners for Furnaces, of which improvement the following is a specification.

This invention relates to oil burners for furnaces, and has for its object to provide an improved form. of burner whereby" the oil may be efficiently atomized and mixed with the air, steam, or other fluid, and thevelocity of the mixture retarded or held back during its expansion so that the main body of the flame and combustion may occur at the desired point relative to the end of the expansion tube, and thereby diffuse the heat more uniformly through the combustion chamber and firebox of the furnace. For this purpose I provide an oil nozzle, preferably having a flaring mouth intercepting a surrounding jet or blast of air, steam, or other fluid, discharging into an atomizing chamber which is surrounded by avacuum chamber in which a suction is created by the discharge of the mixture from the atomizing chamber, thereby exerting a check or retarding effect upon the mixture as it passes through the expansion chamber.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a-view of a boiler furnace, with the fire box and combustion chamber indicated in section, and showing my improved oil burner mounted in position; Fig. 2, an elevation showing the air, steam, and oil connections to the burner; Fig. 3, a central longitudinal section of a burner embodying my improvement; Fig. 1, a transverse section of the same taken on the line 4-4 ofFig. 3; Fig. 5, a sectional view of an oil nozzle, showing a modification having an additional central tube for gas; Fig. 6, a side elevation of a burner similar to Fig. 3, but showing adjustable means for varying the openings into the vacuum chamber; and Fig. 7 a central sectional view of a. burner showing a modification.

TVhile my improved burner may be applied to various types of furnaces, I have shown the same applied to a boiler furnace having vertical tubes, 8, and a fire box, 9, provided at the bottom with. a combustion chamber, 10, at the outer end of which is mounted the oil burner, 11.

I A preferred construction of the burner is shown in Fig. 3, in which the oil is supplied Serial No. 395,565.

by pipe, 12, communicating with the central tube, 13, of the injector burner. The blast of air, steam, or other fluid, for operating the burner is supplied by pipe, 15, communicating with the converging chamber, 16, around the oil tube and terminating in an annular orifice flush with the end of the oil I charges into the enlarged chamber, 17, to

gether with the expanding volume of air or steam. The atomizing chamber, 17, is surrounded by a vacuum chamber, 18, and discharges into a converging passage, .20., leading to the compensating or expansion chamber, 21, whereby the discharge of the atomized mixture at considerable velocity from the chamber,'17, exerts a suction upon the chamber 18, and produces a partial vacuum therein. The walls of the vacuum chamber, 18, may be closed, or if desired, they may be provided with one or more openings, 22, for varyin the degree of vacuum, and the openings may be regulated by a closing ring, 23, operated by a handle, 24:, and connecting rods, 25, as shown in Fig. 6. A-series of balancing perforations, 19, are formed through the wall of the atomizingchamber at its base in order to eliminate fluttering and produce a smooth and continuous action of the burner. n V

Vith the form of burner shown in Fig. 3, the air or steam is adapted to be supplied at high pressurethrough pipe, 15, and converging passage, 16, and by discharging through the annular orifice around and flush with the end of the flaring mouth, 14, of the central oil tube, it has a tendency to produce a vacuum in the mouth of the oil tube thereby creating a strong suction for inducing a flow of oil'from supply pipe, 12, and causing the same to expand and be thoroughly atomized in the mixture with the air or steam as the same isdischa-rged into the enlarged volume of the atomizing chamber, 17. The force of the blast from the injector causes the atomized mixture to be discharged atconsiderable velocity into chamher, 20, thereby creating a strong suction from chamber, 18, at the outer end of the atomizing chamber and producing apartial vacuum in chamber, 18. This suction exerts a retarding effectupon the passage of the expanding mixture through the flaring compensating chamber, 21, thereby holding the mixture longer in suspension, permitting a thorough atomization and mingling of the constituent parts to produce eflicient and complete combustion at the desired point in the combustion chamber. The retarding effect of the vacuum upon the Velocity of the mixture through the expansion chamber, 21, may be varied by adjusting the size or capacity of the openings, 22, through the outside Wall of the chamber, 18, so as to give the desired result. As the expanding mixture is discharged from the flaring chamber, 21, it fills the combustion chamber, 10, and by its velocity draws in air for combustion purposes through the air supply, 26, when the slide, 2'7, is opened, or if preferred, air may be driven in through conduit, 26, by forced draft.

By means of this construction a thorough atomization and mixture of the fuel oil ivith the air or steam is obtained and the velocity of the gases of combustion and the position of the flame may be so regulated as to give the desired maximum efficiency and uniform heating of the boiler.

If it should be desired to also use a jet of gas in the injector burner, the central oil tube, 13, as shown in Fig. 3, may be removed, and an oil tube, 28, containing an inner tube, 29, connected to gas supply pipe, 30, such as shovvn in Fig. 5, may be substituted therefor. In this instance the gas may be introduced under pressure, and tl'iereby assist in the induction of the oil by the injector action. In either case the passages for the fuel and air or steam terminate in substantially the same plane at the point of discharge into the atomizing chamber With its increased volume, thereby obtaining the sudden expansion and thorough mingling of the oil and gases. I

In the modification shown in Fig. 7, the central oil tube, 13, of the injector, terminates Within the surrounding steam or air tube, 16, Which is extended beyond the end thereof and provided With a flaring mouth, 32, forming an atcmizing chamber for the oil. A vacuum chamber, 33, is formed in a shell surrounding the tube, 16, and has a converging end, 35, extending beyond the end of chamber, 32, ivhereby the discharge of the mixture; from chamber, 32, creates a suction in the vacuum chamber. lChe outer shell also contains a chamber, 34, communieating with, the inlet, 31, for the air for com bustion ivhich is admitted to the combustion tube, 36, at the inner flared end and also through a series of perforations, 37. Any

accumulation of liquid Within the-shell may be discharged at the drain opening, 38;

This form of burner is especially designed for use With air under forced draft from a blower at the inlet, 31, While the oil is also introduced under pressure from supply pipe, 12. The suction of the vacuum chamber has the same effect as before described in connection With Fig. 3, to retard the velocity of the mixture as discharged into the combustion tube, holding the same in suspension and producing a full and complete combustion.

In starting the burner before steam has been raised in the boiler, compressed air is used and after steam is generated the air supply to the injector burner is cut cit and a supply of steam turned on. For this purpose, I employ branch pipes, communicating with pipe, 15, one branch", 40, leading from a source of compressed air, and containing hand valve, 11, and check valve, 4.2,

and the other, 43, leading from the steam space of the boiler and having" hand valve, 145, and check valve, 45. In shifting from air to steam, the air valve is slowly closed at the same time that the steam supply valve is slowly opened so that the change maybe conveniently and easily made without any material change in the action of the burner. Any suitable form of fuel oil. or liquid fuel may be employed, and the flow of the oil may be regulated by a hand valve, 16, in pipe, 12, as Will be readily understood.

llaving now described my invention, that 1 claim as new and desire to secure by letters Patent is:

1. in oil burner comprising a body havn a flange portion and a tubular extension inn therefrom to form an atomizing chamber, said body having. a bore converg. ing into said chamber, an oil tube in said here having an imob'structed flaring mouth opening into said chamber and flush with the rear Wall thereof, a portion of said tube reduced to form a fluid passage around the tube, said body having an oil port for the tube, and a port for steam or other like ini'pelling fluid communicating with the fluid passage so that, under the influence of the in'ipelling fluid, a vacuum is created in the flares mouth of the oil tube,

2. In. an oil burner of the character described, comprising a body having a tubular extension with a flared mouth, to form an ato-mizing chamber, said body having a central bore converging into said chamber, an oil tube in said bore having a reduced portion to form a fluid passage for steam or other like impelling fluid and an unobstructed flared mouth flush with the rear wall of the atomizing chamber, so that, the influence of the impelling fluid will form a vacuum in the flared mouth of the oil tube thereby inducing the flow of oil by suction and causing the same to expand at the flared mouth of the oil tube and be atomized as it discharges into the atomizing chamber.

In an oii burner of the character described, comprising a body having a tubular extension with a flared mouth to form an atomizing chamber and a central bore converging into said chamber, an oil tube in the bore having an unobstructed flared mouth opening into said chamber and flush with the rear Wall thereof, a portion of the body of the oil tube reduced to form a fluid passage for steam or other like impelling fluid so that a vacuum is created in the flared mouth of the oil tube, a compensating tub embracing the atomizing tube to form a partial vacuum chamber and an eXpensio-n chamber having a flared mouth, the atomizing tube having ports opening in the vacuum chamber whose Walls converge to a point practically opposite the end of the atomizing tube, and further converge to form a restricted passage opening into the expansion chamber.

4:. In an oil burner of the character described comprising a body having a tubular extension with flared mouth to form an atomizing chamber, said body having a central bore converging into said chamber, an'oil tube in the bore, a part thereof reduced to form a fluid passage for steam or other like impelling fluid, and an unobstructed flared mouth flush With the rear wall of the atomizing chamber, so that the lines of the impelling fluid, following the converging walls of the bore, will converge within the atomizing chamber and at a point in advance of the flared mouth of the oil tube and thus create a vacuum in its flared mouth and a complete atomization at said point of convergence.

5. An oil burner of the character described, comprising a body having a tubular extension With a flared mouth to form an atomizing chamber, said body having a bore converging into said chamber, an oil tube in the bore having a reduced portion to form a fluid passage for steam or other like oil impelling fluid, said oil tube having an unobstructed flared mouth flush with the rear Wall of the atomizing chamber, said impelling fluid adapted to draw the oil out along the inner Wall of said flared mouth of the oil tube and converge the flow of oil and fluid at a point in the atomizing chamber in advance of the flared mouth and thus create a vacuum in said flared mouth and complete atomization at said point of convergence, a compensating tube having a vacuum chamber surrounding the atomizing tube and an expansion chamber having a flared mouth, said atomizing tube having ports opening into the vacuum chamber for the purpose of relieving the vacuum therein so that the atomized vapor Will pass out through the expansion chamber, the compensating tube having ports opening into the vacuum chamber to admit air for the purpose of retarding the final velocity of the vapor so as to hold and expand the gasses in suspension until said gasses are thoroughly mixed With oxygen, the Wall of the vacuum chamber converging to a point practically opposite the inner end of the atomizing tube, and a further converging to assist in retardation;

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

SAMUEL COOK. 

